The research interest was driven by the limited level of insurance coverage in the agricultural sector, which reduced the ability of producers to withstand economic losses and climate impacts. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the functioning of the agricultural insurance system in Ukraine and to justify the relevance of adapting institutional and technological practices of the European Union countries for its modernisation. The methodological framework of the study included the application of the dynamic analysis method to evaluate changes in the key indicators of the Ukrainian insurance market during 2022-2024; the comparative analysis method to contrast organisational models of agricultural insurance in France, Germany, Spain, and Poland; the structural analysis method to identify dominant elements within the insurance coverage system; the content analysis method for a systematic review of regulations, analytical reports, and technological solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of insurance protection. Also, it was used logical generalisation method for developing conclusions and recommendations based on the obtained analytical results. The findings indicated that the share of insured agricultural land in Ukraine remained significantly lower than in the aforementioned EU countries, where the coverage level reached 30-50%. It was established that the existing system did not ensure an adequate distribution of risks, creating conditions for the financial vulnerability of small and medium-sized farming enterprises. The study identified key barriers to the development of the national agricultural insurance system: the absence of subsidisation of insurance premiums, high costs of insurance services, and low awareness levels among agricultural producers. The effectiveness of European models was found to rely on the use of state support, reinsurance mechanisms through international structures, and the implementation of digital technologies for risk assessment. The adaptation of these instruments to the conditions of Ukraine was considered necessary for expanding access to insurance services and strengthening the financial stability of the agricultural sector. The results obtained may serve as a foundation for the development of effective public policy measures in agricultural insurance provision