The purpose of the article is to investigate different agricultural production structures, their evolution and the underlying logic. The article is also aimed at highlighting the consequences of functioning of land markets, as well as to highlight the factors limiting the effective development of crop production, taking into account environmental aspects. Additionally, among the goals of the article are the comparison of the performance of different production units and suggestion of ways to regulate land markets at different geographical scales with the involvement of all stakeholders.

Research methods. The research was carried out using common scientific approaches and methods, in particular the empirical method (for comprehensive assessment of the current state of agricultural structures, land markets); institutional analysis (for selecting effective mechanisms for regulating land markets); abstract and logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions).

Research results. It was determined the unconditional necessity of strict regulation of land markets by states, local communities, consumers and producers in order to redistribute the land for the benefit of individuals who are personally involved in the agricultural production system and to improve functioning of the ecosystem of natural, agricultural and forest areas.

Elements of scientific novelty. The purpose and specifics of the activities of large and small agricultural bodies were revealed in the article. The main trends of the world’s land markets were determined. The advantages of family-type farms over large agricultural holdings in economic, social and environmental terms were outlined. The basic instruments of regulation of the land markets were offered.

Practical significance. Considering foreign experience, there were proposed effective mechanisms for regulating land markets with the aim of building sustainable, cost-effective and socially fair land use in the agricultural sector, which will ensure rural development and formation of efficient agriculture.