The aim of this article was to assess the availability of basic means of production in Ukrainian agriculture, their use and renewal in comparison with EU countries, as well as to establish the impact of the technological level of the agricultural sector on its efficiency. The study was conducted on the basis of official statistical data from the United Nations. A comparative assessment of the modern level of provision of fixed assets in the agricultural sector of European countries and Ukraine was carried out. It was established that increasing the technological level of agricultural production ensured growth in added value in the country’s agriculture, the level of labour productivity, its efficiency and a reduction in the number of employees. Analytical studies were conducted on the dynamics and effectiveness of investing fixed capital in the agricultural sector of European countries with different levels of material and technical support. It has been established that the indicators of provision and formation of fixed capital of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises, labour productivity and added value in agriculture in Ukraine were the lowest in the European space, which was a consequence of the low level of investment opportunities of farms and led to a deepening of the technical and technological backwardness of the industry and threatens the food security of Ukraine. It was determined one of the main factors determining the quantity and quality of agricultural products and the efficiency of Ukraine’s agribusiness sector was the level of material and technical resources and their innovative development. The expanded reproduction, renewal and modernisation of the technical and technological support of Ukraine’s agricultural production required the state to play an active role in shaping institutional and economic conditions