The purpose of the article is to determine prerequisites and peculiarities for preserving and renewing stability of ecosystems in Ukraine taking into account the existing ecological problems and opportunities. Research methods. General scientific methods of research were used, in particular, analytical generalizations to systematize modern views on ecosystems; induction and deduction – to determine ecosystems’ characteristics and analyse their state in Ukraine; comparison and grouping – to determine principles of rational and thrifty attitude to ecosystems; modelling – to reflect conceptual foundations of preserving and renewing ecosystems’ stability. Research results. The reasons of the present national ecological problems causing the exhaustion and depletion of fertile Ukrainian black soils, the depleting using of natural resources were considered. Based on determining an essence, characteristics, and peculiarities of ecosystems, the reasons and scales of disrupting natural ecosystems were defined. Principles of rational using resources and nature management, which enable to ensure full existence and development of the modern society together with simultaneous preservation of high quality environment for human living and supply future generations, were presented. Elements of scientific novelty. Definition of a term “ecosystem” by determining its essence and peculiarities was generalized. Functions of the regional policy concerning rational and thrifty attitude to the national ecosystems were established taking into account measures directed at preventing losses in ecosystems. Directions of the rational and thrifty attitude to the national ecosystems, which require implementation in all spheres of life, were suggested. Measures that enable to preserve, renew, and use rationally natural resources, ensure the ecosystems’ stability and future development of Ukraine were structured. Practical significance. The results can be used in the process of further researching an important scientific problem of preserving and renewing stability of the national ecosystems and ensuring renewing and rational using of natural resources. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 17