The purpose of the article is to reveal a position of the Polish dairy industry in 2010-2015 against a background of the EU countries. Research methodology. In the research process have been used such methods as: abstract and logical, system analysis with using the mathematic methodology, induction and deduction. Research results. An economic evaluation of the Polish dairy industry compared to the countries of the European Union has been made. The analysis showed positive effects of industry development and its competitiveness. Poland is an important producer of milk and dairy products in the European Union. The share of it in the EU dairy industry production (at comparable prices) in 2015 was almost 8%, which gave the fourth position among the EU countries. The integration with the European Union has positively affected development of the dairy industry production in Poland and improvement in the labour productivity and production concentration. Polish milk processing plants are now considered to be one of the most modern plants in the EU and the Polish dairy industry has become a major producer of milk and dairy products in the European Union. Elements of scientific novelty. Scientific novelty of the article lies in the revealing of development of the dairy industry of Poland in the condition of European integration and globalization.  Practical significance. The research results can be used by the dairy sector, operators and agricultural enterprises of the EU and Ukraine. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 6