ISSN 2221-1055 · e-ISSN 2413-2322

Продовольча криза в сучасному світі: причини виникнення та можливі наслідки для України

Отримано: 02.06.2025 Доопрацьовано: 02.09.2025 Прийнято: 01.10.2025
Анотація

Запобігання виникненню та ескалації продовольчих криз у кожній країні залежить від своєчасного виявлення їх характерних попереджувальних ознак з метою захисту продовольчої безпеки. Метою дослідження було виявити та узагальнити причини й наслідки продовольчих криз в Україні та у світі для запобігання їх виникненню та пом’якшення негативних наслідків. У дослідженні виявлено специфічні риси системної вразливості продовольчих систем. Обґрунтовано, що багатовимірний і багатовекторний характер одночасних глобальних криз (фінансової, енергетичної, екологічної) створює синергетичну полікризу, складовою якої є продовольча криза. За допомогою діаграми Ішікави було визначено причинно-наслідкові зв’язки, що призводять до продовольчої кризи в Україні, та структуровано причини за основними категоріями. У статті встановлено, що потенційними причинами продовольчої кризи та зниження продовольчої безпеки в Україні можуть бути: невирішені наслідки попередніх криз; глобальна пандемія; прояви світових економічних шоків (зростання світових цін на продовольство, уповільнення зростання сільськогосподарського виробництва, скорочення світових запасів зерна, високі ціни на енергоносії, зростання чисельності населення світу); екологічна криза та екстремальні погодні явища; війни; локальні галузеві кризи, зокрема криза молочної промисловості. У 2020-2024 роках, на тлі пандемії COVID-19 та повномасштабного вторгнення росії в Україну, світові ціни на продовольство зросли у 2,7 рази, тоді як запаси пшениці скоротилися на скоротилися до 272 мільйонів тонн у 2023/2024 маркетинговому році. Результати дослідження показали, що за наявного аграрного, промислового, інноваційного та науково-виробничого потенціалу виникнення критичного голоду в Україні можливе лише за умов штучно створених викликів: війн, що спричиняють руйнування орних земель, захоплення врожаїв, обмеження доступу до продовольства; глобальних техногенних та екологічних катастроф. Теоретичні, методологічні та прикладні положення щодо причин і потенційних наслідків продовольчих криз у сучасному світі можуть слугувати джерелом наукової інформації для розроблення стратегій і програм забезпечення продовольчої безпеки

Ключові слова
полікриза; криза голоду; продовольча безпека; синергетичний вплив; продовольче забезпечення; діаграма Ішікави
Деталі
DOI https://doi.org/10.32317/ekon.apk/5.2025.10
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