Purpose of the article is to explore the features and necessary prerequisites of economic incentives for the rational use of agricultural land. Research methods. In the research process the following scientific methods were used: statistical and economic (for calculating the amount of land with different inclined steepness), comparative, and calculated. Based on the abstractlogical, systemic and comparative analyzes, were grouped tools that are inherent in modern financial policies for countries with different economic development level for the formation of an economic mechanism for the rational use of agricultural land. Structuring of the main financial instruments and directions for their improvement is feasible using the graphical method and the systematic approach. Research results. In the research process were highlighted the features of the application of economic incentives for the rational use of agricultural land. The main prerequisites for the rational use and reproduction of land resources were analysed. Elements of scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the defined concept of “economic incentives for the rational land use”, systematic study of which creates a methodological basis for substantiating and implementing a coherent system for ensuring the rational use of agricultural land. Practical significance. In the article were justified proposals for economic promotion of the rational use of agricultural land, as well as criteria and recommendations for the taxation of sloping land. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 26